From Frying Pans to Perfumes: Expert Lists Everyday Toxins We Don’t Realise We’re Inhaling

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Most people think of air pollution as something outside the home: traffic smoke, factory chimneys, or construction dust. What often goes unnoticed is how much we inhale indoors, through daily habits that seem harmless.

"As a lung specialist, I often see patients with chronic cough, breathlessness, or worsening asthma where the trigger isn't obvious. In many cases, it turns out to be something they breathe in every single day," said Dr A Jayachandra, Clinical Director and Senior Interventional Pulmonologist, CARE Hospitals, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad.

Here are some everyday sources of inhaled toxins we rarely question.

1. Cooking fumes in closed kitchens

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High-heat cooking, especially frying and tempering, releases fine particles and gases that irritate the airways. "Oils heated beyond their smoke point produce fumes that can inflame lung tissue over time. Poor ventilation makes this worse. People who cook daily in closed kitchens often complain of persistent throat irritation or wheezing without linking it to cooking itself," explained Dr Jayachandra.

2. Non-stick cookware at high temperatures

Non-stick pans are convenient, but overheating them releases fumes that can irritate the lungs. While occasional use may not cause immediate harm, repeated exposure in poorly ventilated spaces can worsen respiratory symptoms, especially in people with asthma or allergies.

3. Room fresheners and scented candles

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Many homes smell fresh because of room sprays, plug-ins, or scented candles. "What isn't obvious is that these smells come from chemicals that stay in the air much longer than the fragrance itself. I often hear patients with sinus trouble or long-standing cough say their symptoms flare up when these products are used regularly," shared Dr Jayachandra.

4. Mosquito repellents and coils

Repellents are widely used, especially in Indian homes. Liquid vaporisers and coils release smoke and chemicals that irritate the lungs. Children, the elderly, and those with existing lung conditions are particularly sensitive. Night-time exposure is common and often overlooked.

5. Incense sticks and dhoop

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"Burning incense is part of the daily routine in many households. The smoke produced contains fine particles similar to those found in vehicle exhaust, especially when used in enclosed rooms. Regular exposure can aggravate asthma and long-term lung irritation," said Dr Jayachandra.

6. Cleaning products and disinfectants

Strong bathroom cleaners, floor disinfectants, and bleaching agents release fumes that can trigger coughing or chest tightness. Mixing products unknowingly can release even more harmful gases. Frequent exposure without ventilation slowly affects airway health.

7. Perfumes and deodorants

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"When perfume is sprayed in small, closed spaces, a lot of it gets breathed in rather than settling on the skin or clothes. For some people, doing this often leads to headaches, throat irritation, or a feeling of tightness in the chest. A scent that feels nice to one person can easily bother someone else nearby," added Dr Jayachandra.

8. Dust from soft furnishings

Curtains, carpets, mattresses, and sofas trap dust, mites, and chemical residues. When disturbed, these particles become airborne and are inhaled. Chronic exposure contributes to allergic rhinitis, cough, and breathing discomfort.

9. Indoor smoking and passive exposure

Smoking near a window or on a balcony doesn't really keep the smoke out. It drifts back inside and settles on furniture, curtains, and walls. Even after the cigarette is put out, others in the house continue breathing it in.

10. Poor ventilation itself

At times, the issue isn't the product itself but the way air moves inside the house. Homes kept tightly closed for air-conditioning don't let pollutants escape. When fresh air doesn't come in, irritants build up quietly and start affecting the lungs over time.

What Can Help

Dr Jayachandra suggested, "You don't need to eliminate everything. Simple steps like improving ventilation, reducing artificial fragrances, using exhaust fans while cooking, and choosing milder cleaning products make a real difference."

From a respiratory standpoint, lungs are exposed to what surrounds us for hours each day. Paying attention to indoor air is just as important as worrying about what's outside. Small changes, repeated daily, go a long way in protecting long-term lung health.

Disclaimer: The information provided in this article is for general informational and educational purposes only and is not intended as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition.